Overview Hypertension is defined as BP ≥140/90 mmHg. Hypertension can be divided into Primary or Secondary. The main goal of treatment is to decrease the risk of mortality and of cardiovascular and renal morbidity. For more information on hypertension as a chronic disease click here Life Threatening Differential Diagnosis Management of Chronic Hypertension Approach Management of Hypertensive Urgency  […]

Overview Orthostatic hypotension is an important, treatable cause of dizziness, syncope and falls. Less frequently it leads to visual disruption, dyspnea on exertion, angina and even stroke. Orthostatic hypotension also known as postural hypotension results from a failed sympathetic response when standing upright resulting in decrease venous return and cardiac output causing dizziness, syncope and/or fall. […]

Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone from reduced cerebral perfusion, followed by spontaneous and full recovery

Overview The most common and important cardiovascular symptom. It is also a very important symptom for the lungs and oesophagus, where the character, pattern of pain and associated symptoms differ. Initial management include oxygen, analgesia, nitrates (to rule in MI) and investigations with ECG and chest X-ray are urgent for patients who present with chest pain + grave […]