Overview Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis is an immune complex–mediated small to medium vessel vasculitis caused by circulating cryoglobulins—immunoglobulins that precipitate below 37 °C and redissolve on warming. These immune complexes deposit in vessel walls, activate complement (typically with marked C4 consumption), and drive leukocytoclastic vasculitis. “Mixed” CV (types II and III) is most often linked to hepatitis […]

Overview Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a small-vessel necrotizing vasculitis, commonly associated with myeloperoxidase-ANCA (MPO-ANCA) positivity. It typically presents with glomerulonephritis and pulmonary capillaritis, but does not involve granulomatous inflammation, distinguishing it from GPA.Incidence: ~3–24 cases per million annually; more common in middle-aged adults and slightly more frequent in males. 1 Aetiology and Risk Factors Aetiology […]

Overview Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), also known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura, is the most common primary vasculitis in children (peak incidence 4–7 years), with seasonal peaks after upper respiratory tract infections. It is defined as a small-vessel vasculitis with IgA1-dominant immune deposits affecting capillaries, venules, and arterioles, underscoring the central role of IgA in its pathogenesis. […]

Overview Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener’s granulomatosis) is a rare, chronic, systemic necrotising vasculitis affecting small-to-medium-sized vessels, characterised by granulomatous inflammation, necrotising vasculitis, and tissue destruction, primarily involving the upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys. It falls under the ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). Peak incidence is in the 5th–6th decade, with slight male predominance and […]

Overview Goodpasture syndrome, now more precisely termed anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease, is a rare autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis affecting lungs and kidneys, typically manifesting with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.  Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) has an estimated incidence of approximately 0.5 to 1.8 cases per million per year. It demonstrates a bimodal age distribution, […]