Mitral valve prolapse is described as bulging of one or more of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium in systoleIt is said to be the MOST common valvular abnormality and often benign. 5% of the population and more common in females. Mitral valve prolapse is a cause of mitral regurgitation. In men, MVP is […]

Mitral stenosis is a condition characterized by obstruction of blood flow across the mitral valve from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The mechanical obstruction leads to increases in pressure within the left atrium, pulmonary vasculature, and right side of the heart.

Heart failure explained: learn the causes, symptoms, tests, and treatments for heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. This video breaks down cardiac output, preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate—the four determinants of heart performance—and shows how low cardiac output triggers compensatory mechanisms (Frank–Starling, sympathetic activation, RAAS) that can worsen ventricular remodeling. Viewers will […]

Tricuspid regurgitation causes blood to leak back into the right atrium during systole — learn causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. This clear, concise video explains primary vs. secondary tricuspid regurgitation, why valve anatomy (three leaflets, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles) matters, and how right ventricular dilation and pulmonary hypertension drive functional TR. Viewers will understand common […]

Cardiac tamponade is a life threatening condition characterized by the accumulation of pericardial fluid in the pericardial space. The pericardium is membraenous layer which envelopes the heart. The fluid in the pericardium can accumulate and there are many causes. When this happens it is called a pericardial effusion. A pericardial effusion may progress to cardiac […]

Discover arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), a genetic heart condition marked by fibrofatty replacement of right ventricular muscle leading to arrhythmias. This video explains the pathophysiology, diagnostic investigations, and treatment options aimed at preventing sudden cardiac events and managing arrhythmic risk.

Explore hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a genetic heart disorder marked by abnormal thickening of the myocardium that can impair cardiac function. This video explains its causes, symptoms like chest pain and syncope, the underlying pathophysiology, and treatment approaches to reduce risk and manage symptoms.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy also known as stress cardiomyopathy or apical ballooning syndrome is a heart condition often preceded by a stressful event such as a death of someone or a recent traumatic event. The term “takotsubo” is taken from the Japanese name for an octopus trap, which has a shape that is similar to the systolic […]

Explore the different types of cardiomyopathy—dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive—and how they affect heart structure and function. This video explains their pathophysiology, key clinical features, and treatment strategies to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Learn about dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition where the heart’s chambers enlarge and weaken, leading to reduced pumping efficiency. This video covers its causes, clinical symptoms, underlying pathophysiology, and current treatment strategies to manage heart failure and improve function.

Learn about hepatorenal syndrome, a serious complication of advanced liver disease that leads to progressive kidney dysfunction. This video explains the underlying causes, pathophysiology, and mechanisms involving renal vasoconstriction and impaired perfusion despite structurally normal kidneys.

Explore cardiorenal syndrome, a complex disorder where heart and kidney dysfunctions negatively affect each other. This video outlines its classification, underlying mechanisms, pathophysiology, and current treatment strategies for managing both organ systems effectively.

Myocarditis is inflammation of the cardiac muscle usually following an infection, trauma or ischaemic event to the heart. It is also associated with rheumatological diseases such as SLE. Myocarditis can be acute or chronic. For most cases in routine clinical practice, a specific aetiology is not found. Viruses remain the most common cause, and often […]

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most popular arrhythmia and diagnosed by the finding of an irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm without discrete P waves. AF is a supraventricular tachycardia. In AF the atria do not contract in a synchronous rhythm, instead they quiver or fibrillate. This means that they beat very rapidly and irregularly. The most […]

Discover atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia (AVRNT), a common type of supraventricular tachycardia caused by abnormal electrical conduction within or near the AV node. This video explains its causes, re-entry circuit mechanism, clinical presentation, and treatment options including vagal maneuvers, medications, and ablation therapy.

Explore the fundamentals of cardiac arrhythmias, focusing on the mechanisms behind bradyarrhythmias (slow heart rhythms) and tachyarrhythmias (fast heart rhythms). This video breaks down the electrical disturbances, conduction system abnormalities, and common causes that lead to rhythm disorders.

Understand how cardiac output and mean arterial pressure are regulated through neural, hormonal, and local mechanisms. This video explains their physiological relationship and importance in maintaining blood pressure and organ perfusion.

Learn the basics of cardiac anatomy and how the heart’s structure is visualized on a chest X-ray. This video explains key anatomical landmarks, heart borders, and how to interpret normal vs abnormal cardiac silhouettes.

Understand the core principles of cardiac output by exploring the roles of stroke volume, heart rate, preload, afterload, and contractility. This video offers a clear, high-yield breakdown of cardiovascular physiology essential for exams and clinical practice.

Learn the key differences between STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina in this detailed overview of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Understand the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, ECG changes, and management strategies essential for diagnosis and treatment.

Learn about Compartment Syndrome in this concise overview covering its pathophysiology, key signs and symptoms, and emergency treatment strategies like fasciotomy. Understand how early recognition can prevent irreversible muscle and nerve damage.

Learn the essentials of mitral regurgitation, including its underlying pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options. This video explains how valve dysfunction leads to backflow of blood, causing symptoms like dyspnea and fatigue, and outlines both medical and surgical interventions.

Learn the key features of aortic stenosis including its signs and symptoms, underlying pathophysiology, and clinical management. This video breaks down how valve narrowing affects cardiac output and outlines current treatment options, including surgical intervention.

This video provides a comprehensive overview of pericarditis, covering its signs and symptoms, underlying pathophysiology, and diagnostic approach. Learn how this inflammatory heart condition is identified and effectively managed through targeted treatment strategies.