Autoimmune hepatitis as the name suggests is when the bodies own immune cells attack the liver cells resulting in inflammation. The disease may be asymptomatic (meaning no symptoms) or start as acute hepatitis and progress to chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Autoimmune hepatitis is four times more common in women than in men.

Learn how bilirubin is formed and processed in the body, distinguishing between unconjugated and conjugated forms. This video explains the steps of bilirubin metabolism, its transport, hepatic conjugation, and clinical relevance in conditions like jaundice.

Explore the physiology of fat digestion and absorption, from emulsification by bile salts to breakdown by pancreatic enzymes. This video explains how lipids are processed, absorbed in the small intestine, and transported via chylomicrons into the lymphatic system.

Understand the clinical approach to fat malabsorption by recognizing its key signs and symptoms, such as steatorrhea and weight loss. This video also explores common causes, including pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid disorders, and intestinal mucosal diseases.

Patients with acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding commonly present with hematemesis (vomiting of blood or coffee-ground-like material) and/or melena (black, tarry stools). Common causes of UGI bleeding include peptic or duodenal ulcers, erosive gastritis, GORD, Variceal haemorrhage/bleeding, angiodysplasia and mallory Weiss tear. More uncommon causes of UGI bleeding include GAVE, cameron lesions, hemobilia and succus […]

Learn how hemochromatosis (iron overload) develops, how to diagnose it, and effective treatments like phlebotomy and iron chelation. This clear, concise video explains iron metabolism, the role of hepcidin and ferroportin, and genetic (HFE) and secondary causes of hemochromatosis so you can recognize risk factors and symptoms early. You’ll learn where iron is stored and […]

Achalasia is a rare disorder that results from progressive destruction of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of the oesophageal wall. The destruction of these cells leads to the inability of the lower oesophageal sphincter to relax, and leads to the loss of peristalsis of the distal oesophagus. As a result there is dilatation of […]

Learn about hepatorenal syndrome, a serious complication of advanced liver disease that leads to progressive kidney dysfunction. This video explains the underlying causes, pathophysiology, and mechanisms involving renal vasoconstriction and impaired perfusion despite structurally normal kidneys.

Dysphagia is the sensation of difficulty or abnormality of swallowing. It is due to a structural or a motility abnormality in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach. It ranges from an inability to initiate the swallowing reflex to food or liquid being stuck in the oesophagus. In contrast, odynophagia […]

Learn the essentials of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD/GERD), including its underlying pathophysiology, common symptoms, and treatment options. This video offers a clear and visual explanation of acid reflux and its clinical management.

Learn about coeliac disease, an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten that damages the small intestine. This video covers its signs and symptoms, underlying pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and effective treatment strategies including a gluten-free diet.

Discover the key facts about haemorrhoids, including their pathophysiology, symptoms, and how they’re diagnosed and managed. This video covers internal vs external haemorrhoids, contributing factors, and both medical and surgical treatment options.

Learn the major causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, including peptic ulcers, varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears. This video provides a concise overview of clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and diagnostic approach.

Discover the key clinical signs, pathophysiology, and complications of liver cirrhosis in this comprehensive medical video. Learn how cirrhosis is diagnosed, investigated, and managed, including treatment strategies and monitoring approaches.

Understand the pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), focusing on the immune mechanisms driving Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. This video also highlights the major complications of IBD, including fistulas, strictures, and colorectal cancer risk.

This video explains Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), highlighting the key differences between Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis in terms of pathology, symptoms, and affected areas. Learn about their causes, complications, and current treatment strategies.

Vitamin B12 absorption explained: learn how intrinsic factor, R‑binder (haptocorrin/transcobalamin I), and ileal receptors enable cobalamin uptake and why pernicious anemia blocks it. This clear walkthrough covers vitamin B12 (cobalamin) sources, gastric digestion, and the molecular steps that let B12 enter the bloodstream. Watch to understand how dietary B12 from meat, eggs, fish, and dairy […]

Discover the molecular effects of butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, on gut health, inflammation, and gene expression. This video explains how butyrate influences epigenetic regulation, immune modulation, and intestinal barrier integrity. Video was part of 2014 Summer Scholarship Project with CSIRO called “The Hungry Microbiome” For more visit: http://www.csiro.au/hungrymicrobiome/

Learn how starch fermentation occurs in the digestive tract, producing short-chain fatty acids like butyrate, acetate, and propionate. This video explains the role of gut microbiota in breaking down complex carbohydrates and supporting colon health. Video was part of 2014 Summer Scholarship Project with CSIRO called “The Hungry Microbiome” For more visit: http://www.csiro.au/hungrymicrobiome/

Discover how your gut microbiome—trillions of bacteria in the large intestine—shapes metabolism, immunity, and overall health. The human gut microbiota, dominated by anaerobes like Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, ferments non-digestible carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, which supply up to 70% of colonocyte energy and influence systemic metabolism, fat storage, and immune signaling. […]

Learn how Helicobacter pylori causes gastric ulcers by colonizing the stomach lining and disrupting the mucosal barrier. This video explains the bacterium’s virulence factors, transmission, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies.

Explore iron physiology, including its absorption, transport, storage, and role in vital processes like oxygen transport and cellular respiration. This video explains how the body regulates iron levels and the significance of proteins like transferrin, ferritin, and hepcidin.

Learn how proteins are broken down into amino acids and absorbed in the digestive system through the coordinated actions of enzymes and transporters. This video explains the roles of the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine in protein digestion and nutrient uptake.