Appendicitis is a common and potentially serious condition where the appendix becomes inflamed, often due to a blockage or infection. It typically presents with sudden pain starting around the belly button and shifting to the lower right abdomen, along with nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and fever. If left untreated, the appendix may rupture, leading […]

Learn about the stages of wound healing—hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling—and how they coordinate tissue repair. This video also covers factors that impair healing and common pathological outcomes like chronic wounds and excessive scarring.

Patients with acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding commonly present with hematemesis (vomiting of blood or coffee-ground-like material) and/or melena (black, tarry stools). Common causes of UGI bleeding include peptic or duodenal ulcers, erosive gastritis, GORD, Variceal haemorrhage/bleeding, angiodysplasia and mallory Weiss tear. More uncommon causes of UGI bleeding include GAVE, cameron lesions, hemobilia and succus […]

Dysphagia is the sensation of difficulty or abnormality of swallowing. It is due to a structural or a motility abnormality in the passage of solids or liquids from the mouth to the stomach. It ranges from an inability to initiate the swallowing reflex to food or liquid being stuck in the oesophagus. In contrast, odynophagia […]

Learn the essentials of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD/GERD), including its underlying pathophysiology, common symptoms, and treatment options. This video offers a clear and visual explanation of acid reflux and its clinical management.

Learn the key aspects of diverticular disease and diverticulitis, including causes, symptoms, and management. This video provides a clear overview to help understand diagnosis and treatment options.

Explore the key features of acute cholecystitis, including its signs, symptoms, and underlying pathophysiology. This video also reviews diagnostic strategies and treatment options such as antibiotics, supportive care, and cholecystectomy.

Discover the key facts about haemorrhoids, including their pathophysiology, symptoms, and how they’re diagnosed and managed. This video covers internal vs external haemorrhoids, contributing factors, and both medical and surgical treatment options.

Explore acute pancreatitis in this concise medical overview covering its signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnostic workup, and treatment strategies. Understand how enzyme activation, inflammation, and complications like necrosis are managed clinically.

Learn the key anatomical differences between direct and indirect inguinal hernias, including their causes and clinical significance. This video breaks down the inguinal canal structure and guides you through diagnosis and management approaches.

Learn the major causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, including peptic ulcers, varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears. This video provides a concise overview of clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and diagnostic approach.

Learn about the common causes and underlying mechanisms of bowel obstruction, including mechanical and functional types. This video explains the pathophysiology, key clinical signs, and potential complications of intestinal blockage.

Learn how Helicobacter pylori causes gastric ulcers by colonizing the stomach lining and disrupting the mucosal barrier. This video explains the bacterium’s virulence factors, transmission, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies.

Understand how hydrochloric acid is produced and regulated in the stomach and why excess acid causes peptic ulcers and heartburn—key for preventing and treating GERD and ulcer disease. In this clear, engaging video you’ll learn where HCl comes from (parietal cells), the roles of ECL cells, G cells, D cells, mucus and prostaglandins, and how […]