Overview Scaphoid fracture is the most common carpal bone fracture, accounting for ~60–70% of all carpal fractures. It occurs most frequently in young adults (15–40 years) following a fall on the outstretched hand (FOOSH). The scaphoid’s tenuous blood supply predisposes to non-union and avascular necrosis, especially in proximal fractures. Early recognition is essential as delayed […]

Overview Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic, whole-joint disorder characterized by pain, stiffness, functional limitation and progressive structural change affecting cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium, menisci, ligaments and peri-articular muscles. Prevalence rises with age and obesity and contributes substantially to global disability; recent GBD analyses and reviews highlight knee OA as a leading cause of pain and […]

Overview In this common disorder of adolescence the tibial tubercle becomes painful and ‘swollen’. Although often called osteochondritis and apophysitis, it is nothing more than a traction injury of the apophysis into which part of the patellar tendon is attached. Osgood-Schaltter disease typically occurs during the early adolescent growth spurt between 10-15 years of age, […]

Overview Septic arthritis refers to infection in a joint; it is usually caused by bacteria but can be caused by fungi or mycobacteria. Septic arthritis due to bacterial infection is often a destructive form of acute arthritis. Pathophysiology Septic arthritis involves bacterial infection of a synovial joint. Proteolytic enzymes released by host inflammatory cells and […]

Osteochondroses Osteochondroses is a condition that affects the epiphysis of bones. Pathology consists of localised area of ischaemic bone necrosis and oedema of adjacent soft tissue. Age effects usually 10-15 +/- Clinical Feature Ache and muscle spasm +/- pain Diagnosis Clinical + X-ray Management Usually self-resolving (except slipped capital femoral epiphysis). Manage with streatching and NSAIDs TYPES […]