Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a condition that occurs when cancer cells break down (lyse) rapidly, releasing their contents into the bloodstream. This can lead to a number of serious complications, including electrolyte abnormalities, kidney damage, and an increased risk of infections.

The pathophysiology of TLS involves several key steps:

1. Cancer cells contain high levels of proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances that can accumulate in the body. When cancer cells break down, these substances are released into the bloodstream.
2. The release of these substances can lead to electrolyte abnormalities, such as high levels of potassium, phosphate, and uric acid in the blood. These electrolyte abnormalities can cause a number of serious complications, including muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and kidney damage.
3. The release of these substances can also lead to an increased risk of infections, as the breakdown of cancer cells can lead to an imbalance in the body's natural defenses.
4. TLS is more likely to occur in individuals with large tumors or a high number of cancer cells, as well as those who are receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
5. TLS can be prevented or managed with medications and other supportive measures, such as fluids and electrolyte replacement.