Description
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a condition that occurs when cancer cells break down (lyse) rapidly, releasing their contents into the bloodstream. This can lead to a number of serious complications, including electrolyte abnormalities, kidney damage, and an increased risk of infections.
The pathophysiology of TLS involves several key steps:
- Cancer cells contain high levels of proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances that can accumulate in the body. When cancer cells break down, these substances are released into the bloodstream.
- The release of these substances can lead to electrolyte abnormalities, such as high levels of potassium, phosphate, and uric acid in the blood. These electrolyte abnormalities can cause a number of serious complications, including muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, and kidney damage.
- The release of these substances can also lead to an increased risk of infections, as the breakdown of cancer cells can lead to an imbalance in the body’s natural defenses.
- TLS is more likely to occur in individuals with large tumors or a high number of cancer cells, as well as those who are receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
- TLS can be prevented or managed with medications and other supportive measures, such as fluids and electrolyte replacement.
