System: Nervous System

The midbrain is part of the brainstem. Pathology of the midbrain results in conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and Argyll Robertson pupil. Lesions to the brain stem results in midbrain…

Explore the clinical anatomy of the midbrain, focusing on its key structures such as the cerebral peduncles, tectum, and cranial nerve nuclei. This video explains the midbrain’s functions, including motor…

Learn the clinical anatomy of the brainstem using the Rule of 4’s to simplify the organization of key cranial nerve nuclei and tracts. This video breaks down the structures and…

Explore the clinical anatomy of the cerebellum and how damage to its regions leads to cerebellar syndromes affecting coordination, balance, and motor control. This video explains key anatomical divisions, associated…

The basal ganglia (also known as basal nuclei or as the extrapyramidal system) are a collection of subcortical structures located deep within the white matter of the brain. It forms…

Understand trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs), a group of severe primary headaches that include cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, and SUNCT/SUNA syndromes. This video explains their pathophysiology, distinguishing features, and current treatment…

Understand the clinical approach to shock by exploring its major types—hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and anaphylactic. This video explains the underlying pathophysiology, key clinical features, and treatment strategies tailored to each…

Cluster headache attack is an intense and severe strictly unilateral pain around the eye. It is describe as the worst ever headache, using comparisons such as childbirth, fractures and renal…

Explore the clinical anatomy of the cerebral cortex, focusing on the functional roles of its lobes and how injuries to each region manifest. This video explains key cortical areas, common…

The meninges (from the word ‘meninx’, which means membrane) refer to the distinct membranous coverings of the brain and spinal cord. The most superficial layer, which is directly underneath the…