Archives: Videos

Hypercalcaemia is elevated calcium levels in serum and is a common manifestation of certain types of cancers and cancer metastasis. Normally, the parathyroid gland secretes PTH in response to low…

Spinal cord compression is a medical emergency that can lead to permanent neurological damage if not promptly treated. This video covers the causes, key symptoms like motor and sensory deficits,…

Tumour Lysis Syndrome is caused when tumour cells release their intracellular content into the bloodstream, either spontaneously or as a result of treatment leading to increased DNA – purine and…

Tofacitinib is an oral agent taken twice daily used to treat many rheumatological conditions mainly RA. Tofacitinib inhibits Janus kinase (JAK) signalling. Immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and T…

Learn about sulfasalazine, a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and IBD. This video explains its pharmacology, mechanism of action, metabolism, and potential side…

Leflunomide is an immunosuppressant used to treat RA and psoriatic arthritis and Multiple sclerosis. Leflunomide is a prodrug that is rapidly and almost completely metabolized following oral administration to its…

Hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil) is an old antimalarial agent that has immunomodulatory effects widely used in SLE, in which it decreases mortality and the likelihood of developing lupus nephritis, a very common…

Learn about cyclophosphamide, a powerful alkylating agent used in cancer treatment and autoimmune diseases. This video explains its pharmacology, DNA-crosslinking mechanism of action, and potential adverse effects such as myelosuppression,…

Calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine are immunosuppressants. They are used mainly to prevent organ transplant rejection in combination with mycophenolate and steroids as well used in severe atopic…

Explore azathioprine, an immunosuppressive drug used in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. This video covers its pharmacology, mechanism of action in inhibiting purine synthesis, and common side effects including bone…