Malignant hypertension is a severe form of hypertension characterised by extremely high blood pressure, typically exceeding 180/120 mmHg, accompanied by evidence of acute end-organ damage, such as renal failure or retinal haemorrhages. It is critical in clinical practice due to its rapid progression and potential for life-threatening complications, including stroke and heart failure. A key association is its occurrence in patients with pre-existing hypertension or underlying renal disease.