The superficial peroneal nerve is a branch of the common peroneal nerve that provides motor innervation to the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and sensory innervation to the skin over the lower lateral leg and dorsum of the foot. Clinically, it is important because injury to this nerve can cause foot drop and sensory loss, affecting gait and balance. A common complication is entrapment neuropathy, which can lead to pain and numbness along its sensory distribution.