The sural nerve is a sensory nerve formed by branches of the tibial and common fibular nerves, running along the posterior calf to supply sensation to the lateral foot and ankle. It is clinically important for nerve conduction studies and as a donor nerve in grafting procedures due to its superficial location and purely sensory function. Injury to the sural nerve can result in sensory loss or neuropathic pain along its distribution, commonly seen after trauma or surgical interventions around the lower leg.