Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease that is characterized by the formation of scar tissue (fibrosis) in the lungs. It is a type of interstitial lung disease, which means that it affects the tissue and structures between the air spaces of the lungs.

IPF is a rare condition that usually affects people over the age of 50, and it is more common in men than in women. The exact cause of IPF is not fully understood, and it is classified as "idiopathic," meaning that the cause is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response or an inherited genetic predisposition.

Symptoms of IPF may include shortness of breath, a dry cough, fatigue, and weight loss. The disease typically progresses slowly over time, and it can be difficult to diagnose early on, as the symptoms may be similar to those of other respiratory conditions.

Diagnosis of IPF typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and lung function tests. There is no cure for IPF, and treatment is focused on slowing the progression of the disease and managing symptoms. This may include medications to reduce inflammation and scarring, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking.