System: Cardiovascular System

Learn about dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition where the heart’s chambers enlarge and weaken, leading to reduced pumping efficiency. This video covers its causes, clinical symptoms, underlying pathophysiology, and current treatment…

Explore cardiorenal syndrome, a complex disorder where heart and kidney dysfunctions negatively affect each other. This video outlines its classification, underlying mechanisms, pathophysiology, and current treatment strategies for managing both…

Myocarditis is inflammation of the cardiac muscle usually following an infection, trauma or ischaemic event to the heart. It is also associated with rheumatological diseases such as SLE. Myocarditis can…

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most popular arrhythmia and diagnosed by the finding of an irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm without discrete P waves. AF is a supraventricular tachycardia. In AF…

Discover atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia (AVRNT), a common type of supraventricular tachycardia caused by abnormal electrical conduction within or near the AV node. This video explains its causes, re-entry circuit mechanism,…

Explore the fundamentals of cardiac arrhythmias, focusing on the mechanisms behind bradyarrhythmias (slow heart rhythms) and tachyarrhythmias (fast heart rhythms). This video breaks down the electrical disturbances, conduction system abnormalities,…

Learn about Kawasaki Disease, a form of childhood vasculitis that primarily affects medium-sized arteries, including the coronary arteries. This video covers its characteristic symptoms, underlying immune-mediated pathophysiology, and treatment strategies…

Polyarteritis Nodosa and Kawasaki Disease are types of medium vessel vasculitis with distinct clinical presentations and vascular involvement. This video explores their key symptoms, underlying pathophysiology, and differences in disease…

Immune-mediated vasculitis: how inflammation damages arteries, causes palpable purpura, ischemia, stenosis, and aneurysms. Learn the core pathophysiology of vasculitis and the immune mechanisms driving vessel injury, including antigen presentation, molecular…

Explore the clinical anatomy of the superior vena cava and azygos system, focusing on their roles in venous return to the heart. This video also explains the causes, signs, and…