System: Digestive System

Learn how vitamin B12 is absorbed, transported, and utilized in the body, highlighting its essential roles in red blood cell formation and nervous system function. This video explains the key…

Learn how bilirubin is formed and processed in the body, distinguishing between unconjugated and conjugated forms. This video explains the steps of bilirubin metabolism, its transport, hepatic conjugation, and clinical…

Understand the clinical approach to jaundice by exploring the types and causes of hyperbilirubinemia, including prehepatic, hepatic, and posthepatic origins. This video explains key diagnostic investigations and how to differentiate…

Explore the physiology of fat digestion and absorption, from emulsification by bile salts to breakdown by pancreatic enzymes. This video explains how lipids are processed, absorbed in the small intestine,…

Understand the clinical approach to fat malabsorption by recognizing its key signs and symptoms, such as steatorrhea and weight loss. This video also explores common causes, including pancreatic insufficiency, bile…

Bleeding disorder can be either due to a problem in primary hemostasis or secondary hemostasis. Primary hemostasis related bleeding disorder are due to problems with platelets – either reduced production,…

Patients with acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding commonly present with hematemesis (vomiting of blood or coffee-ground-like material) and/or melena (black, tarry stools). Common causes of UGI bleeding include peptic or…

Learn how hemochromatosis (iron overload) develops, how to diagnose it, and effective treatments like phlebotomy and iron chelation. This clear, concise video explains iron metabolism, the role of hepcidin and…

Achalasia is a rare disorder that results from progressive destruction of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus of the oesophageal wall. The destruction of these cells leads to the inability…

Mycophenalate is used in lupus nephritis (first line), diffuse SS but also indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients undergoing allogeneic renal, hepatic, or cardiac transplants. In transplant…