Epididymitis Explained | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis, the structure behind the testis that stores and transports sperm. It is usually caused by infection, with sexually transmitted organisms more common in younger men and urinary tract bacteria more common in older men. Typical features include unilateral scrotal pain, swelling, tenderness, and redness, sometimes with urinary symptoms or urethral discharge. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, supported by urine tests, STI screening, and sometimes Doppler ultrasound, while testicular torsion must always be excluded. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, pain relief, rest, and scrotal support, and most patients improve quickly with appropriate care.