Explore the life cycle and pathophysiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), from viral entry and replication to immune system destruction. This video also covers diagnostic tests, clinical investigations, and how…

There are medications available to prevent and treat osteoporosis. Medications to prevent osteoporosis are only for those at high risk of osteoporosis, this includes those taking high dose of steroids…

Polyneuropathy is a disorder that involves damage to multiple peripheral nerve fibers, with the distal nerves usually affected most prominently. And so the classic presentation is a symmetric distal burning…

Bleeding disorder can be either due to a problem in primary hemostasis or secondary hemostasis. Primary hemostasis related bleeding disorder are due to problems with platelets – either reduced production,…

The aorta is the largest artery in the human body and arguably one of the most important. It receives oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart and supplies…

Patients with acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding commonly present with hematemesis (vomiting of blood or coffee-ground-like material) and/or melena (black, tarry stools). Common causes of UGI bleeding include peptic or…

There are two main types of transplant rejection; T cell mediated and antibody mediated and antibody mediated transplant rejection. These rejections are divided into hyperacute, acute and chronic rejection. In…

Unintentional Weight loss is defined by a 5% reduction of usual body weight over 6-12 months. It is associated with increase mortality rates. The most common cause of unintentional weight…

Understand the clinical approach to obesity and weight gain, including underlying causes, risk factors, and how BMI is used in assessment. This video also explores the health complications associated with…

Explore the coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis, detailing the roles of clotting factors and the step-by-step process of blood clot formation. This video also explains how these pathways are regulated and…