0:00 So far this year, more than 25,000 Monkeypox cases have been recorded across 88 0:09 countries. 0:12 Monkeypox is a viral disease, first discovered in 1958, originating colonies of 0:17 monkeys, 0:17 hence the name. 0:19 According to the World Health Organization, in 1970, the Monkeypox was 0:24 identified in 0:25 a 9-month-old boy, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a region where smallpox 0:30 has been 0:30 eliminated, this was the first case of human infection. 0:35 Since then, most cases have been reported from rural, rainforest regions of the 0:39 Congo 0:40 basin, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 0:47 The Monkeypox virus is an envelope double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to 0:52 the orthopoxyvirus 0:53 genus of the poxveridae family. 0:58 Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis, a virus transmitted from animals that are 1:05 infected to humans, 1:07 with symptoms similar to those seen in the past in smallpox patients, although 1:13 it is 1:13 clinically less severe. 1:16 Symptoms of the Monkeypox viral illness include fevers, headache, body aches, 1:21 lethargy, and 1:22 swollen nodes, followed by the rash called the pox. 1:28 This is typically a blistering type rash, which typically crusts later. 1:36 Now various animal species have been identified as susceptible to Monkeypox 1:41 virus. 1:42 This includes rats, squirrels, and non-human primates, like monkeys. 1:49 Mental to human transmission can occur from direct contact with the blood, 1:53 bodily fluid 1:53 skin lesion of infected animals. 1:56 Human to human transmission can result from close contact, with respiratory 2:02 secretions, 2:03 skin lesions of infected person, or recently contaminated objects. 2:08 Right now, most transmission is occurring between humans through close skin-to- 2:13 skin 2:14 contact, particularly during sexual intercourse, mostly in men having sex with 2:20 other men. 2:21 The diagnosis of Monkeypox virus is through a polymerase chain reaction, PCR, 2:26 and this 2:27 is the preferred laboratory test, just like in COVID-19. 2:32 The swab is taken on the skin lesions, and the PCR will detect the presence of 2:37 viral genetic 2:38 material of the Monkeypox virus. 2:41 Now there are some other important differential diagnoses that must be 2:44 considered when one 2:45 presents with a similar type of rash, and these include chickenpox, measles, 2:51 bacterial 2:52 skin infections, scabies, syphilis, as well as medication-associated allergies. 2:59 Currently there is no approved treatment specific for Monkeypox. 3:02 The smallpox virus is known to provide some protection against the Monkeypox 3:07 virus, thus 3:07 those who were inoculated against smallpox as a young child are thought to be 3:13 less likely 3:13 to develop a serious case of Monkeypox later in life. 3:18 Right now there are two vaccines available in the United States to prevent 3:22 Monkeypox, 3:22 but not everyone is eligible to get one. 3:25 The Monkeypox vaccination can be used as pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP, post- 3:31 exposure 3:31 prophylaxis, PEP, and outbreak response, PEP, according to the CDC, the Centers 3:38 for Disease 3:39 Control and Prevention.
