Tyrosine phosphatases

Tyrosine phosphatases are a group of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from tyrosine residues on proteins, playing a crucial role in regulating cellular signalling pathways, including those involved in cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. Their dysregulation is implicated in various diseases, particularly cancer, where abnormal phosphatase activity can lead to unchecked cell proliferation. An example is the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in insulin signalling and type 2 diabetes.