Joint instability refers to the abnormal looseness or excessive movement of a joint due to compromised stabilising structures, such as ligaments, tendons, or muscles. It is clinically significant as it can lead to pain, decreased function, and an increased risk of joint injuries, including dislocations and arthritis. A common example is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the knee, which often results in instability and can severely impact athletic performance and daily activities.

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