Hypercortisolism is a condition characterised by excessive cortisol production, often due to adrenal hyperplasia, pituitary adenoma, or exogenous steroid use. It is clinically significant as it disrupts metabolism, immune response, and cardiovascular function, leading to symptoms like central obesity, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. A key complication is Cushing’s syndrome, which requires prompt diagnosis and management to prevent morbidity.