Oesophageal cancer is a malignant neoplasm originating in the oesophagus, commonly classified into squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. It is clinically significant due to its aggressive nature, often presenting at an advanced stage, leading to poor prognosis and high mortality rates. A key association is gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), which can contribute to the development of Barrett's oesophagus, a precursor to adenocarcinoma.