Armando Hasudungan site title and tagline

Archives: Diseases

Acute Limb Ischaemia

Overview Acute limb ischaemia refers to any sudden decrease in limb perfusion that causes a potential threat to viability. It is associated with pain, motor and sensory loss, and cold…
Read more

RA Related Pleural Effusion

Overview Rheumatoid pleural effusion (RPE) is an uncommon extra‑articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), occurring in ~2–5% of patients, more often in middle‑aged men with high rheumatoid factor (RF) titres,…
Read more

Sjögren’s-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease 

Overview Sjögren’s-associated interstitial lung disease (Sjögren’s-ILD) is a significant extra-glandular manifestation of primary Sjögren’s disease (pSS), occurring in ~9–20% of patients clinically, with subclinical involvement detectable in up to 50%…
Read more

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Overview Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) exists on a spectrum of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). NVP refers to symptoms of nausea, vomiting or dry retching commencing in the first trimester,…
Read more

Critical Limb Ischaemia

Overview Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) represents grade III and IV chronic limb ischaemia (based on the Fontaine classification). It presents with rest pain, breakdown of skin and inability to heal…
Read more

Chronic Upper Limb Ischaemia 

Overview Chronic upper limb ischaemia is a form of peripheral arterial disease that results in a symptomatic reduced blood supply to the upper limb. The common symptoms are weakness, cramps,…
Read more

Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome 

Overview Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the WAS gene, leading to defective actin cytoskeleton regulation in hematopoietic cells. It presents with the…
Read more
Become a member
Ready to take your education seriously?
Armando hasudungan brain logo
Armando Hasudungan
By Visualising Medicine
© 2026 Visualising Medicine. All rights reserved.