Autoimmune hepatitis as the name suggests is when the bodies own immune cells attack the liver cells resulting in inflammation. The disease may be asymptomatic (meaning no symptoms) or start as acute hepatitis…

The English surgeon Sir James Paget first described chronic inflammation of bone as osteitis deformans in 1877. Paget’s disease of bone is a disorder of bone remodelling where there is an increase in bone…

Type 1 hypersensitivity (allergic reaction) explained: learn the IgE‑mediated mechanism, symptoms, and when it becomes life‑threatening. This video breaks down immediate hypersensitivity, showing how first…

Inflammatory arthritis refers to a group of conditions characterised by a high number of white cells in the joints, causing inflammation, pain, redness, and swelling. Non-inflammatory arthritis typically refers…

Type 3 hypersensitivity (immune complex) reactions explained: how antigen–antibody complexes trigger complement-driven inflammation. Learn the mechanism of immune complex formation, clearance failures, and…

Mitral valve prolapse is described as bulging of one or more of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium in systoleIt is said to be the MOST common valvular abnormality and often benign. 5% of the population…

Explore hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a genetic heart disorder marked by abnormal thickening of the myocardium that can impair cardiac function. This video explains its causes, symptoms like chest pain and…

Leflunomide is an immunosuppressant used to treat RA and psoriatic arthritis and Multiple sclerosis. Leflunomide is a prodrug that is rapidly and almost completely metabolized following oral administration to…

Learn about Edward syndrome (Trisomy 18), including its genetic basis, key clinical features, and associated complications. This video provides a clear overview of the condition’s causes, diagnosis, and…

Calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine are immunosuppressants. They are used mainly to prevent organ transplant rejection in combination with mycophenolate and steroids as well used in…