Author Overview Liver tumors are divided into Benign and Malignant. Most liver tumors are benign, asymptomatic and found incidentally on unrelated imaging. Malignant liver tumours are associated with risk…

Overview Acute pancreatitis is a relatively common condition presenting with severe, acute, constant epigastric pain. Incidence of ~5 per 100,000/year. Acute pancreatitis has a significant mortality.…

Overview Chronic pancreatitis is characterised by recurrent or persistent abdominal pain arising from the pancreas. The inflammatory process results in irreversible destruction and fibrosis of the pancreas.…

Overview Testicular torsion is a urological emergency caused by twisting of the spermatic cord, leading to acute interruption of blood flow to the testis and rapid ischemia. It most commonly occurs in…

Overview Aetiology and Risk Factors Aetiology Risk Factors Clinical Manifestation Cardiovascular Examination Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis Investigations Diagnosis Echocardiography is diagnostic in acute…

Overview Snapping Hip Syndrome (SHS) is characterized by an audible or palpable “snap” around the hip during motion; it may be painless or painful and can be unilateral or bilateral. Prevalence estimates…

Overview Aetiology and Risk Factors Aetiology Risk Factors Clinical Manifestation Clinical Presentation Physical examination Assessment of weight and obesity Limitations of BMI on: Muscular people Elderly…

Overview Acute appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the vermiform (worm-like) appendix. It is mainly caused by obstruction of the lumen of the appendix by stool, infective agents or lymphoid hyperplasia.…