Overview Medial and lateral knee joint menisci serve to transfer load and absorb shock, aid joint stability and provide lubrication. The meniscus is the most commonly injured structure in the knee joint.…

Overview Hepatocellular carcinoma (also known as hepatoma ) is a primary cancer arising from hepatocytes in predominantly cirrhotic liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of death worldwide,…

Overview Infection of the urinary tract is common and more so in women (due to shorter urethra and hormonal changes). UTIs may be classified as either a lower (Cystitis, urethritis and Prostatitis)…

Overview Bronchiolitis is often a viral cause mainly Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Bronchiolitis is the most common respiratory tract infection of neonates and is usually self-limiting. A major source…

Overview Atopic dermatitis affects approximately 5 to 20 percent of children worldwideThe incidence of atopic dermatitis appears to be increasing. It may occur in any race or geographic location, although…

Overview Nephrotic syndrome is a relatively rare but important manifestation of kidney disease.Nephrotic syndrome classically presents with heavy proteinuria, minimal hematuria,…

Overview Tonsillitis is inflammation or infection of the tonsils. Tonsils are lymphoid tissues that are situated on both side of the throat. Generally, the palatine tonsil are referred to as “the tonsils”.…

Classification Diabetic Retinopathy Overview Diabetes is the most common cause of blindness in the working population. Blindness is preventable. Annual retinal screening is advised for patients at…

Overview Affects 5-10% of pregnancies. Incidence varies between nutritional and genetic factors. Risk of GDM increases with age. Women born in Southern Asia are at particularly higher risk. 50% change of mother…

Overview Diabetes Mellitus type II is a progressive disorder defined by deficits in insulin secretion and action (insulin resistance). 1 in 12 people have diabetes (50% do not know they have it). Diabetes type…