Endothelial injury refers to damage to the endothelial cells lining blood vessels, which can disrupt vascular homeostasis and lead to increased permeability, inflammation, and thrombosis. This condition is clinically significant as it plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. A key example of endothelial injury is the damage caused by hyperglycaemia in diabetes, which contributes to vascular complications.