Overview Felty syndrome is a rare but serious extra-articular manifestation of long-standing, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by the classic triad of RA, splenomegaly, and neutropenia. It…

Overview Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) represents grade III and IV chronic limb ischaemia (based on the Fontaine classification). It presents with rest pain, breakdown of skin and inability to heal an…

Overview CRPS is a disproportionate, regional pain syndrome of a limb that typically follows injury or surgery and features sensory, vasomotor, sudomotor/oedema, and motor/trophic changes. The prevalence…

Overview Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is a nociplastic pain phenotype defined by persistent (≥3 months) pain affecting multiple body regions, with high comorbidity with fatigue, sleep disturbance, mood symptoms…

Overview Chronic upper limb ischaemia is a form of peripheral arterial disease that results in a symptomatic reduced blood supply to the upper limb. The common symptoms are weakness, cramps, pain, and…

Overview Chronic lower limb ischemia can be classified using the Fontaine classification: Grades III and IV are classified as Critical Limb Ischemia. Intermittent claudication is a type of chronic lower…

Overview Bowel obstruction is a blockage of intestinal contents, either mechanical (e.g., adhesions, hernias, malignancy) or functional (e.g., ileus), leading to impaired transit, proximal dilation, and…

Overview Atopic dermatitis affects approximately 5 to 20 percent of children worldwideThe incidence of atopic dermatitis appears to be increasing. It may occur in any race or geographic location, although…