Overview Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause, characterised by the formation of non‑caseating granulomas in affected organs. Pulmonary involvement occurs in ~90% of patients,…

Overview Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is a serious extra-articular manifestation of RA, affecting up to 10% of RA patients clinically, though subclinical involvement may…

Overview Sjögren’s-associated interstitial lung disease (Sjögren’s-ILD) is a significant extra-glandular manifestation of primary Sjögren’s disease (pSS), occurring in ~9–20% of patients clinically, with…

Overview Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a small-vessel necrotizing vasculitis, commonly associated with myeloperoxidase-ANCA (MPO-ANCA) positivity. It typically presents with glomerulonephritis and…

AuthorsMegan Miner Armando Faigl  Overview Chagas disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and is potentially life-threatening. These parasites often live within triatomine bugs.…

Overview Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is an acquired autoimmune thrombophilia characterized by recurrent venous or arterial thromboses and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of persistent…