Medical science, drawn into focus.

Anorexia Nervosa

“ To lose confidence in one’s body is to lose confidence in oneself .” ― Simone de Beauvoir " Every woman knows that, regardless of all her other achievements, she is a failure if she is not beautiful ." – Germaine Greer Overview Eating disorders have traditionally been classified into two well-established categories. They are…

Hyperparathyroidism

This section will mainly focus on Primary Parathyroidism Overview Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is generalised disorder calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism due to increased secretion of parathyroid hormone normally leading to hypercalcaemia and hypophosphatemia. PHPT may present with recurrent nephrolithiasis, peptic ulcers, mental and muscle changes and less frequently bone resorption. Frequently, routine blood tests will…

Paediatric Viral Cutaneous Infection

Classical Exanthem Overview Exanthem refers to the cutaneous manifestation of a viral illness (enanthem is the manifestation in the mouth). Historically, 6 exanthems have been recognised, 4 of which are viral. However, obviously there are much more common exanthems. The six described are: Measles (measles virus) Scarlet fever ( streptococcus pyogenes ) – this is…

Aortic Regurgitation (incompetence)

Overview Aortic regurgitation (AR) is backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole because the aortic valve does not close completely. AR may result from disease of the valve leaflets, dilatation of the aortic root or both. Chronic AR causes progressive left-ventricular volume overload and dilatation, whereas acute severe AR…

Psoriasis

Overview Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disease with systemic associations, characterized by sharply demarcated erythematous plaques with overlying scale, most commonly plaque psoriasis. [1-4] It affects about 1% to 3% of the global population, although prevalence varies by geography and ethnicity, and plaque psoriasis accounts for about 80% to 90% of cases. [1,2]…

Hyperlipidaemia

Overview Hyperlipidaemia is an umbrella term which encompasses genetic and acquired disorders that raise lipid levels within the blood. Hyperlipidaemia does not independently cause clinical symptoms, rather can lead to other disorders that can manifest in possible life-threatening presentations. Most notably, hyperlipidaemia causes atherosclerosis which may lead to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease. 1…

Umbilical Hernia

Overview Umbilical hernias are one of the most common surgical conditions in infants and children. In infantile umbilical hernia there is a pathological failure of obliteration of umbilical defect. Umbilical hernia can also occur in adults and is usually acquired due to increased intrabdominal pressure due to obesity, pregnancy, ascites. Management is surgery. Hernia:  A bulge or protrusion of…

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