Acute Renal Failure

Acute renal failure, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), is a rapid decline in kidney function, typically defined by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output over hours to days. It is clinically significant as it can lead to electrolyte imbalances, fluid overload, and increased morbidity and mortality, necessitating prompt diagnosis and management. A common cause is acute tubular necrosis, often resulting from ischaemia or nephrotoxins.