Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, leading to inflammation and damage of the small intestine's mucosa. This condition is clinically significant as it can result in malabsorption of nutrients, causing various complications such as osteoporosis, infertility, and an increased risk of intestinal malignancies. Early diagnosis and strict adherence to a gluten-free diet are essential for managing symptoms and preventing long-term complications.