Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, arising from hepatocytes, often in the context of chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis due to hepatitis B or C infection and alcohol abuse. It is clinically significant due to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, often presenting late with metastasis. A key association is the presence of underlying liver disease, which complicates management and increases the risk of liver failure.