Overview The successful transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life is dependent upon significant physiologic changes that occur at birth. High-risk delivery Infants who are more likely to…

Overview The classic blood type is the ABO type and either Rh- or Rh+. Rh stands for the Rhesus antigen. If a person has the Rhesus antigen it means they are Rh+, and if they don’t it is Rh-.  The Rhesus…

Meningitis 5 year old presents with non-blanching rash, fever, headache, photophobia and neck stiffness. Aetiology Clinical presentation Investigations Treatment Complications Pertussis 8 month old presents…

Overview Varivose veins (VV) are long, torturous and dilated don’t veins of the superficial venous system. There is a spectrum ranging from telangiectasias (dilated interdermal venules less than 1 mm), through…

Overview of addition medicine. This section is a brief introduction to substance abuse, followed by section that look at specific drugs of addiction. Risk Factors Investigation URINE TOXICOLOGY SCREENING Drug…

Overview Pelvic organ prolapse is a condition in which pelvic organs abnormally descend or herniate from their normal attachment sites or their normal position in the pelvis to or beyond the vaginal walls. There…

Overview Systemic sclerosis (SSc), also known as scleroderma, is a rare chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis, vasculopathy, and autoimmunity. It primarily affects the skin but…

Overview Crystal arthropathies are a diverse group of disorders characterized by deposition of various minerals in joints and soft tissues leading to inflammation. Four main types of crystal…