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Archives: Diseases

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) 

Overview CRPS is a disproportionate, regional pain syndrome of a limb that typically follows injury or surgery and features sensory, vasomotor, sudomotor/oedema, and motor/trophic changes. The prevalence after limb fracture/surgery…
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Chronic Widespread Pain

Overview Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is a nociplastic pain phenotype defined by persistent (≥3 months) pain affecting multiple body regions, with high comorbidity with fatigue, sleep disturbance, mood symptoms and…
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Caplan Syndrome

Overview Caplan syndrome, also known as rheumatoid pneumoconiosis, is a rare condition seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had occupational exposure to inhaled dust, particularly coal dust…
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Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease 

Overview Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD) is a crystal-induced tendinopathy caused by the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, typically in periarticular soft tissues, especially tendons and bursae. The shoulder (supraspinatus tendon)…
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Pseudogout: Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease

Overview Pseudogout, more accurately known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD), is a crystal arthropathy characterized by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in articular cartilage and soft tissues,…
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Takayasu Arteritis 

Overview Takayasu arteritis is a rare, chronic large-vessel vasculitis primarily affecting the aorta and its major branches, leading to stenosis, occlusion, or aneurysm formation. It most commonly affects young women…
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Sjögren’s Syndrome

Overview Sjögren’s Syndrome is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and destruction of exocrine glands, primarily affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dry mouth (xerostomia)…
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Reactive Arthritis

Overview Reactive arthritis is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy that occurs after a genitourinary or gastrointestinal infection, typically presenting as an asymmetric oligoarthritis, often with associated conjunctivitis and urethritis (formerly Reiter’s syndrome).…
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Psoriatic Arthritis

Overview Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis, affecting up to 30% of patients with skin psoriasis. It commonly presents in adults aged 30–50 years,…
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