Smoking cessation refers to the process of discontinuing tobacco use, which is crucial for reducing the risk of smoking-related diseases such as lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disorders. In clinical practice, effective smoking cessation strategies improve patient outcomes, enhance recovery from surgery, and decrease healthcare costs. A key complication of smoking cessation can be nicotine withdrawal, which may lead to anxiety, irritability, and cravings, challenging the success of quitting efforts.

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