Peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane lining the abdominal cavity, often due to infection from bacteria or fungi. It is clinically significant as it can lead to severe abdominal pain, sepsis, and organ failure if not promptly diagnosed and treated. A common cause is perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, such as from appendicitis, which can result in life-threatening complications if surgical intervention is delayed.

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