Overview Cervical cancer is an HPV-related malignancy of the uterine cervical mucosa. Most cervical tumours contain HPV DNA (99.7%) . There are many variants of HPV, HPV-16 and 18 are the 2 most common…

Overview Complement deficiencies are rare primary immunodeficiencies resulting from inherited absence or dysfunction of complement proteins, regulators, or receptors. They predispose to recurrent…

Overview Hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterised by markedly elevated serum IgE, recurrent staphylococcal skin and lung infections, eczema, and connective tissue/…

Overview Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterised by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, impaired wound healing, and absence of pus formation due to…

Overview Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare, inherited primary immunodeficiency characterised by defective function of the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex in phagocytes, leading to failure of the…

Overview DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) is a congenital immunodeficiency and multisystem disorder caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22. It leads to defective development of the third…