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Archives: Diseases

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Overview Hepatocellular carcinoma (also known as hepatoma ) is a primary cancer arising from hepatocytes in predominantly cirrhotic liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of death worldwide, and cirrhosis is…
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Pregnancy (not a disease)

Overview Physiological Changes in Pregnancy Uterus, Vagina and Breast Physiology changes Uterus (Cervix + Isthmus + Body of uterus) Vagina Breast Endocrine Physiology changes Pituitary Gland  Thyroid hormones Endocrine changes Progesterone…
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Renal Cell Carcinoma

Overview Renal cell carcinomas (originate within the renal cortex) are responsible for 85% of all primary renal neoplasms. Transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis are the next most common (~8%). Renal…
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Urinary Tract Infection (Children)

Overview Urinary Tract infections (UTIs) in children are common and usually carry low risk. UTIs are often non-specific and can not be diagnosed on symptoms alone. A clean specimen (urine)…
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Umbilical Hernia

Overview Umbilical hernias are one of the most common surgical conditions in infants and children. In infantile umbilical hernia there is a pathological failure of obliteration of umbilical defect. Umbilical hernia can also…
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Brain Tumour

Overview Classification WHO Classification of Primary Brain Tumors Neuroepithelial tumors Astrocytic tumors Oligodendroglial tumors Oligoastrocytic tumors Ependymal tumors Choroid plexus tumors Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors Pineal tumors Embryonal tumors…
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Alzheimer’s Disease

Overview Alzheimer disease is characterised by an insidious onset of symptoms with initial forgetfulness progressing over time to profound memory impairment with accompanying dysphasia, dyspraxia and personality change. Classification Major dementia…
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Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)

Overview Transient ischemic attack is defined as transient neurologic symptoms without evidence of acute infarction. It is a common and important risk factor for future stroke. TIAs are produced by…
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Overview Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) comprises a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of the upper female genital tract, including any combination of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis. Causative organisms…
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