Overview Angina Pectoris refers to the pain caused by myocardial ischaemia. Myocardial Ischaemia is usually caused by stenosis within the vessel decreasing blood flow to the muscle, but it can be caused…

Overview ARDS is an acute, diffuse, inflammatory lung injury that leads to increased pulmonary vascular permeability, increased lung weight, and a loss of aerated tissue. Clinical hallmarks of ARDS are…

Overview Acute limb ischaemia refers to any sudden decrease in limb perfusion that causes a potential threat to viability. It is associated with pain, motor and sensory loss, and cold sensation. It affects one…

Overview Heart failure is a condition in which the heart does not pump enough blood to meet all the needs of the body. It is caused by heart muscle damage or dysfunction, valve problems, heart rhythm…

Overview Acute appendicitis is an acute inflammation of the vermiform (worm-like) appendix. It is mainly caused by obstruction of the lumen of the appendix by stool, infective agents or lymphoid hyperplasia.…

Overview Acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation is a common shoulder injury, usually sustained from direct trauma such as a fall onto the tip of the shoulder. It involves varying degrees of injury to…