Overview Pericarditis is the most common form of pericardial disease and a relatively common cause of chest pain. The etiology of pericarditis may be infectious (eg, viral and bacterial) or noninfectious…

Overview Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder where antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChR) or MuSK proteins at the post-synaptic membrane, impairing…

Overview MCTD is a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by overlapping clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), polymyositis, with rheumatoid arthritis…

Overview Basic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) disease is a crystal-associated arthropathy characterized by deposition of BCP crystals in periarticular and intra-articular tissues. A severe clinical presentation of…

Overview Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis affecting small and medium-sized vessels predominantly affecting children under 5 years old. It is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in…

Overview  Inflammatory bowel disease is a common condition. It is divided into two types: Crohn disease and Ulcerative colitis. Both these condition differ in pathology, progression and complication, but they do…

Overview The most common cause of hyperthyroidism are Graves disease, multinodular goitre, an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule  (adenoma) and subacute thyroiditis. Graves Disease is more common in…

Overview Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD) is a crystal-induced tendinopathy caused by the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, typically in periarticular soft tissues, especially tendons and…

Overview Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated polyneuropathy typically triggered by a preceding gastrointestinal or respiratory infection. It is characterised by an autoimmune attack on…

Overview Fibromyalgia is a chronic, nociplastic pain condition characterised by widespread pain with prominent fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive symptoms, reflecting altered central pain processing…