Medical science, drawn into focus.

Adult onset Still's Disease

Overview Adult Onset Still’s Disease (AOSD) is a complex multisystemic autoinflammatory disease characterised by recurrent episodes of spiking fever (> 39–40°C), pink–salmon transient skin rash, and the presence of arthralgia or polyarthritis. First described by Eric Bywaters in 1971 it closely resembles systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Still’s disease). retrospective observational study in Japan found…

COPD

Overview The diagnosis of COPD is usually limited to individuals who have chronic airflow obstruction associated with tobacco smoke or some other noxious inhalant, and it is usually not difficult to distinguish it from other causes of chronic airflow obstruction. The most commonly associated clinical disorders associated with COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Chronic…

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Overview Acute kidney injury (AKI) (formerly acute renal failure) is the syndrome arising from a rapid fall in GFR (over hours to days). It is characterized by retention of both nitrogenous (including Urea and Creatinine) and non-nitrogenous waste products of metabolism, as well as disordered electrolyte, acid– base, and fluid homeostasis. AKI is neither a…

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Traumatic and Stress Related Disorders Post traumatic stress disorder Acute stress Disrorder Adjustment Disorder This will mainly focus on PTSD Overview The identification of Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a patient involves understanding the traumatic event and the patient characteristics. PTSD may develop following exposure to 1 or more traumatic events such as deliberate acts of interpersonal…

Generalised Anxiety Disorder

DSM V categorise these as seperate disorders Depressive disorders Bipolar disorders Anxiety disorders Anxiety Disorders Generalised Anxiety Disorder Specific Phobia Agoraphobia Social Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder This will mainly focus on Generalised Anxiety Disorder and touches on Panic Disorder . Overview Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can be defined as anxiety and worry about several events…

Biceps Tendon Rupture

Overview A biceps tendon rupture is a partial or complete tear of the tendon attaching the biceps muscle to the shoulder or elbow.  Proximal ruptures, usually involving the long head of the biceps at the shoulder, are more common and often result from age-related degeneration or associated rotator-cuff disease. They typically cause upper-arm pain, bruising…

Osgood Schlatter

Overview In this common disorder of adolescence the tibial tubercle becomes painful and ‘swollen’. Although often called osteochondritis and apophysitis, it is nothing more than a traction injury of the apophysis into which part of the patellar tendon is attached. Osgood-Schaltter disease typically occurs during the early adolescent growth spurt between 10-15 years of age,…

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