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Archives: Diseases

Obesity

Overview Aetiology and Risk Factors Aetiology Risk Factors Clinical Manifestation Clinical Presentation Physical examination Assessment of weight and obesity Limitations of BMI on: Muscular people Elderly people Young children (centile…
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Hypercholesterolaemia

Overview Higher levels of cholesterol associated with worse CV outcomes. Three main types that are measured: VLDL, LDL and HDL. High LDL is associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular…
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Infective Endocarditis

Overview Infective endocarditis is a condition which occurs in the setting of bacteraemia whereby endothelial surfaces of the heart, such as valvular structures, become infected. It can present acutely or…
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Valvular Heart Disease

Overview Valvular disease can come to clinical attention due to stenosis, insufficiency (regurgitation/incompetence) or both. Stenosis is the failure of a valve to open completely, which impedes forward flow. Insufficiency results from…
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Mitral Regurgitation (Incompetence)

Overview Mitral regurgitation (MR), which is also known as mitral insufficiency, is a common heart valve disorder. When MR is present, blood leaks backwards through the mitral valve when the…
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Mitral Stenosis

Overview Mitral stenosis causes an obstruction to blood flow from the left atrium to left ventricle usually as a result of rheumatic heart disease. The stenosis results in increased pressure in…
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Aortic Stenosis

Overview Cardiac Valves The heart has 4 valves: The Mitral and tricuspid valves are atrioventricular valves meaning they allow blood to move from the atrium to the ventricles of the…
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Major Depressive Disorder

DSM V categorise these as seperate disorders Depressive Disorders Overview Depressive disorders are typically characterised by persistent low mood, loss of interest and enjoyment, neurovegetative disturbance, and reduced energy, causing…
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Inguinal Hernia

Overview Higher incidence among men 40 to 59 years of age. Although there are many different types of hernias, they are usually related to the abdomen, with approximately 75% of all…
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Diverticular Disease

Overview Diverticula of the colon consist of outpouchings of mucous membrane through the muscle wall of the bowel. In the colon, diverticula are found most commonly in the sigmoid and descending…
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