Cholangitis is an infection of the bile ducts, typically caused by obstruction, often due to gallstones or strictures, leading to bile stasis and bacterial overgrowth. It is clinically significant as it can progress to severe complications such as sepsis or liver abscess if not promptly treated. A key association is with the triad of symptoms known as Charcot's triad: fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant pain, which aids in its diagnosis.