Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease or medical condition, focusing on the mechanisms underlying these alterations. Understanding pathophysiology is crucial for diagnosing diseases, guiding treatment decisions, and predicting patient outcomes. For example, in diabetes mellitus, the pathophysiological disruption of insulin secretion and action leads to hyperglycaemia and associated complications like neuropathy.

Pathophysiology is the study of the disordered physiological processes associated with disease or injury, focusing on the mechanisms that lead to clinical manifestations. Understanding pathophysiology is crucial for diagnosing conditions, guiding treatment decisions, and predicting disease progression. For example, in diabetes mellitus, the pathophysiological disruption of insulin secretion and action leads to hyperglycaemia and its associated complications, such as neuropathy and cardiovascular disease.