Overview Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis affecting small and medium-sized vessels predominantly affecting children under 5 years old. It is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in…

Overview  Inflammatory bowel disease is a common condition. It is divided into two types: Crohn disease and Ulcerative colitis. Both these condition differ in pathology, progression and complication, but they do…

Overview The most common cause of hyperthyroidism are Graves disease, multinodular goitre, an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule  (adenoma) and subacute thyroiditis. Graves Disease is more common in…

Overview Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD) is a crystal-induced tendinopathy caused by the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, typically in periarticular soft tissues, especially tendons and…

Overview Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated polyneuropathy typically triggered by a preceding gastrointestinal or respiratory infection. It is characterised by an autoimmune attack on…

Overview Fibromyalgia is a chronic, nociplastic pain condition characterised by widespread pain with prominent fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive symptoms, reflecting altered central pain processing…

Overview Felty syndrome is a rare but serious extra-articular manifestation of long-standing, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by the classic triad of RA, splenomegaly, and neutropenia. It…

Overview Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) represents grade III and IV chronic limb ischaemia (based on the Fontaine classification). It presents with rest pain, breakdown of skin and inability to heal an…

Overview CRPS is a disproportionate, regional pain syndrome of a limb that typically follows injury or surgery and features sensory, vasomotor, sudomotor/oedema, and motor/trophic changes. The prevalence…

Overview Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is a nociplastic pain phenotype defined by persistent (≥3 months) pain affecting multiple body regions, with high comorbidity with fatigue, sleep disturbance, mood symptoms…