Overview Chronic upper limb ischaemia is a form of peripheral arterial disease that results in a symptomatic reduced blood supply to the upper limb. The common symptoms are weakness, cramps, pain, and…

Overview Acute limb ischaemia refers to any sudden decrease in limb perfusion that causes a potential threat to viability. It is associated with pain, motor and sensory loss, and cold sensation. It affects one…

Overview Rheumatoid arthritis is a common systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of a destructive polyarthritis with a predisposition for affecting the small joints of the hands and feet…

Overview Definition Perioperative Management refers to the period of time extending from the day prior to surgical intervention to several days after said intervention. It consists of the…

Overview Pericarditis is the most common form of pericardial disease and a relatively common cause of chest pain. The etiology of pericarditis may be infectious (eg, viral and bacterial) or noninfectious…

Overview Urinary Tract infections (UTIs) in children are common and usually carry low risk. UTIs are often non-specific and can not be diagnosed on symptoms alone. A clean specimen (urine) is required for…

Overview Myelofibrosis is a type of myeloproliferative diseasecharacterized by clonal myeloid expansion, followed by progressive fibrous connective tissue deposition in the bone marrow, resulting in bone…

This section looks at gallstone disease in general. For info on cholecystitis specifically click here. Overview Risk factors Protective factors: Bile and types of stones Bile Composition TYPES OF STONES AND…

  Overview Cystic fibrosis causes the dehydration of the mucus lumen causing thick sticky mucus to build up. This occurs mainly the lungs, causing productive cough and increasing rates in respiratory…

Overview Bowel obstruction is a blockage of intestinal contents, either mechanical (e.g., adhesions, hernias, malignancy) or functional (e.g., ileus), leading to impaired transit, proximal dilation, and…