Overview Chronic upper limb ischaemia is a form of peripheral arterial disease that results in a symptomatic reduced blood supply to the upper limb. The common symptoms are weakness, cramps, pain, and…

Overview Chronic lower limb ischemia can be classified using the Fontaine classification: Grades III and IV are classified as Critical Limb Ischemia. Intermittent claudication is a type of chronic lower…

Overview Bowel obstruction is a blockage of intestinal contents, either mechanical (e.g., adhesions, hernias, malignancy) or functional (e.g., ileus), leading to impaired transit, proximal dilation, and…

Overview Atopic dermatitis affects approximately 5 to 20 percent of children worldwideThe incidence of atopic dermatitis appears to be increasing. It may occur in any race or geographic location, although…

Overview Acute limb ischaemia refers to any sudden decrease in limb perfusion that causes a potential threat to viability. It is associated with pain, motor and sensory loss, and cold sensation. It affects one…

Overview Heart failure is a condition in which the heart does not pump enough blood to meet all the needs of the body. It is caused by heart muscle damage or dysfunction, valve problems, heart rhythm…

Overview Acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation is a common shoulder injury, usually sustained from direct trauma such as a fall onto the tip of the shoulder. It involves varying degrees of injury to…