Overview Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is one of the most common knee injuries, particularly in young athletes involved in pivoting sports (soccer, basketball, skiing). ACL injuries account for ~50% of…

Overview Polymyalgia rheumatica is a common inflammatory condition affecting older adults, typically over 50 years of age, characterised by pain and stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdles. It is…

Overview Croup, also known as largnotracheobronchitis, is a usually self limiting upper airway viral infection causing upper airway obstruction. Croup is more common in boys than in girls, usually occurs…

Overview Behçet’s syndrome is a chronic, relapsing, multisystem inflammatory disorder and variable-vessel vasculitis characterized classically by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, ocular inflammation, and…

Overview Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a mast-cell–driven skin disorder defined by recurrent wheals (hives), angioedema, or both for 6 weeks without a specific external trigger, with a point prevalence…

Overview Anaphylaxis is a severe, systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is rapid in onset and potentially fatal, most often triggered by foods, medications, or venom; global incidence is ~50–112 per 100,000…

Overview Adult Onset Still’s Disease (AOSD) is a complex multisystemic autoinflammatory disease characterised by recurrent episodes of spiking fever ( 39–40°C), pink–salmon transient skin rash, and the…

Overview Interstitial Lung Disease is also known as Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD). A Heterogeneous collection of restrictive lung conditions (100) that primarily (or at least initially)…