Overview Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) also known as hyaline membrane disease is a pulmonary disease resulting from immature lung development and surfactant deficiency. Most frequently seen in…

Overview Coronary artery obstruction or rupture can result in a variety of ischaemic condition which fall under the term of acute coronary syndrome. This does not include stable angina. Ischaemic heart disease…

Overview Hydrocephalus is excessive accumulation of CSF in the cerebral ventricles. In children, look for increasing head circumference, increased intracranial pressure, a bulging fontanelle, scalp…

Overview Anatomy and Physiology Aetiology and Risk Factors More than half of patients with ectopic pregnancy have no risk factors. Risk Factors High Previous ectopic Previous tubal surgery Tubal pathology In…

Overview Developmental Dyplasia of the hip (DDH) is previously known as congenital dislocation of the hip  (however name changed as some of the hip problems develop after birth). Spectrum of condition related…

This section will mainly focus on Primary Parathyroidism Overview Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is generalised disorder calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism due to increased secretion of parathyroid…

Overview Complex chronic syndrome characterised by recurrent abdominal pain and bowel dysfunction, in the absence of a structural abnormality. It is not associated with an increase in mortality, however, it is…

Overview Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by a disturbance in consciousness and cognition. It typically presents as an acute confusional state, with inattention as its core…

Overview Classification WHO Classification of Primary Brain Tumors Neuroepithelial tumors Astrocytic tumors Oligodendroglial tumors Oligoastrocytic tumors Ependymal tumors Choroid plexus tumors Neuronal and…

Overview Physiological Changes in Pregnancy Uterus, Vagina and Breast Physiology changes Uterus (Cervix + Isthmus + Body of uterus) Vagina Breast Endocrine Physiology changes Pituitary Gland  Thyroid hormones…